Methods

This is where you go through the practical details of your research. Some researchers choose the term methodology as the title of this section. Caution must be exercised here because the term methodology is a philosophical term and is more concerned with whether a research is qualitative or quantitative. As it was mentioned earlier, this is the part in which you explain the details of your work, your participants, the instruments, the procedure of how you gathered the data and the way you are going to analyze your data. Hence, there usually are four parts in the methods section of a quantitative paper:

• Participants

You talk about those who took part in your study. You explain the demographics, the information of the participants.

In this part you try to explain your sample. It is a must that you talk about your way of sampling, whether it was random, convenient, etc. It is worth mentioning that you need to explain your sampling procedure, meaning that mere mentioning of the name of sampling would not suffice. If there were any drop-outs this is where you mention them. There are no criticisms or mention of limitations here.

• Instrumentation

Here you mention how you gathered your data, whether you used a questioaire, observations, a reading, a proficiency test and the like. You must explain your instruments in details.

The details of the procedure are described here. How long it took, how it was carried out and so on.

• Data analysis

Here in only a few paragraphs you talk about the tests you are going to use to analyze the data. By that we mean what kind of statistical technique( T-test, ANOVA, correlation, …) you are going to use.

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